What are the different types of wood grain and their characteristics?

The wood grain refers to the orientation of wood fibers in relation to the main axis of a tree trunk and determines the surface quality of the wood. It is one of the defining characteristics of each wood species, helping you make a choice based on the aesthetics and specific use you intend for it. There are about eight types of wood grain, each with distinct characteristics.

The Different Grain Sizes in Wood

• Very fine grain, typically found in fruit trees like walnut or cherry
• Fine grain, as seen in birch
• Medium-fine grain, such as in chestnut
• Coarse grain, as found in oak or ash

The Various Types of Wood Grain and Their Specificities

• Straight grain, recognizable by fibers parallel to the main axis of the tree trunk
• Cross grain, identifiable by non-parallel crossings relative to the tree trunk
• Spiral grain, forming twists oriented in the same direction
• Diagonal grain, a visual result of flat-sawn wood with a spiral grain
• Irregular grain, as the name suggests, with contorted, irregular patterns
• Interlocked grain, forming spirals that crisscross left and right, changing direction yearly
• Wavy grain, characterized by regular wave-like shapes
• Curly wood grain, which can undulate, form loops, and have irregular shapes

An Aesthetic Wood Grain

Each type of wood grain has its unique authenticity and charm, and is more or less unique depending on the tree from which it originates. Temperature variations, soil, and the region where it grows are factors that make each wood, along with its grain, patterns, and color, unique, even within the same species. By relying on extensive knowledge of wood and meticulous cutting by skilled wood professionals, one can enhance the wood grain’s beauty, giving it depth.
 

Other Characteristics of Wood

When choosing a piece of furniture or a wooden floor, the wood grain is a key element to consider. This noble material also has other important characteristics such as:

• Firstly, its species, or type of tree, which determines whether it is a softwood like cedar, fir, pine, or spruce, or a hardwood like the majority of exotic woods
• Its texture, which varies with pore size, width, and the number of vessels. Wood with large rays is considered rough, while wood with narrow vessels has a finer, smoother texture
• Its rings and figures, patterns created on the wood’s surface as it grows, depending on its grain and cutting method
• Its scent, which, depending on the wood species, can range from mild to pronounced, though many woods lose their scent when dried

 
To choose the wood grain type you need based on its purpose—whether for furniture, flooring, or a staircase—consider the work to be done and your decor style. Don’t hesitate to consult wood professionals for guidance!